The Sun Also Rises
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| Author | Ernest Hemingway |
|---|---|
| Publisher | Charles Scribner's Sons (USA) & Jonathan Cape (UK as ¡Fiesta!) |
| Released | June 1926 (USA) & 1927 (UK) |
The Sun Also Rises is considered the first significant novel by Ernest Hemingway. Published in 1926, the plot centers on a group of expatriate Americans in Europe during the 1920s. The book's title, selected by Hemingway's publisher, is taken from Ecclesiastes 1:5: "The sun also ariseth". Hemingway's own title for the novel was ¡Fiesta!, which was used in the UK and Spanish edition of the novel.
Contents |
[edit] Plot introduction
The novel is a powerful exposé of the life and values of the Lost Generation, a generation deeply scarred by World War I. The main characters are Jake Barnes and Brett Ashley. Barnes is unable to consummate his relationship with Brett sexually; his impotence may have been caused by a wound from the war, or may have been psychological.
[edit] Major themes
The novel has heavy undercurrents of suppressed emotions and buried values. Its weary and aimless expatriates serve as metaphors for society's lost optimism and innocence after the war. Ironically, there is a marked silence regarding the war itself — it is a topic rarely discussed by any of the characters. Instead, its effects are alluded to through the sexual impotence of Jake which may have been caused by a war wound, or may have been psychological in origin. Thus, while the topic is never overtly discussed, it is always prevalent as the tragedy which robs both Jake and Brett of their happiness. This theme of inadequacy and loss is ever-present in the narrative. It maintains a feeling of loss and death, as portrayed by the quote at the open of the book: "One generation passeth away, and another generation cometh; but the earth abideth forever." A famous scene from the book, graphically describing the running of the bulls in Pamplona, Spain, helped popularize that event in English-speaking cultures.
[edit] Allusions/references to actual history, geography
The novel was a roman à clef, as many of the characters were based on Hemingway and his friends who accompanied him to Spain in 1925. The character of Robert Cohn is a savage portrait of novelist Harold Loeb, who aroused the anger of Hemingway by indulging in a tryst with Lady Duff Twysden in Normandy before bringing her to Spain. Twysden was the model for Brett Ashley; Hemingway based the character of Barnes on himself.
[edit] Release details
- 1926, USA, Charles Scribner's Sons, Pub date ? June 1926, hardback
- 1927, UK, Jonathan Cape, Pub date ? ? 1927, hardback (UK edition as ¡Fiesta!)
- 1980, USA, Simon & Schuster, Inc. ISBN 0-686-63550-7, Pub date ? June 1980, paperback
- 1982, USA, Holiday House, Inc. ISBN 0-684-17472-3, Pub date ? February 1982 paperback
- 1982, USA, Simon & Schuster, Inc. ISBN 0-684-80071-3, Pub date ? March 1982 paperback
- 1983, USA, Simon & Schuster, Inc. ISBN 0-684-10250-1, Pub date ? March 1983, paperback
- 1984, USA, Simon & Schuster, Inc. ISBN 0-684-15327-0, Pub date ? February 1984, hardcover
- 1990, USA, Simon & Schuster, Inc. ISBN 1-55888-267-7, Pub date ? January, 1990, hardcover
- 1994, USA, Simon & Schuster, Inc. ISBN 0-8161-5969-6, Pub date ? February 1994, hardcover
- 1995, USA, Simon & Schuster, Inc. ISBN 0-684-80071-3, Pub date ? January 1995 paperback
- 1996, USA, Simon & Schuster, Inc. ISBN 0-684-83051-5, Pub date ? May 1996, hardcover
- 1999, USA, Simon & Schuster, Inc. ISBN 0-8085-1572-1, Pub date ? October 1999, hardcover
[edit] See also
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fr:Le Soleil se lève aussi ja:日はまた昇る pt:The Sun Also Rises sk:Slnko aj vychádza fi:Ja aurinko nousee sv:Och solen har sin gång
