Third Russian Revolution

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For other uses, see Third Russian Revolution (disambiguation).

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The Third Russian Revolution (also called the Russian Revolution of 1918, or the July Revolution 1918) is a term describing a series of anarchist rebellions and uprisings against both the Bolsheviks and the White movement, which started on 6 July 1918 and were most prominent for the remainder of that month, but continued up to 30 December 1922.

A part of it was rebellion of Left Esers in Moscow, known as Left Eser Uprising (Left SR Uprising) in Soviet historiography.

The revolution broke out during the Fifth All-Russia Congress of Soviets, at which the anti-Soviet speeches of Anarchists and the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries received no support from the overwhelming majority of delegates. Defeated at the Congress, the Anarchists and Left S.R.s pursued their aim of sabotaging the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and dragging Soviet Russia into war with Germany by assassinating the German Ambassador in Moscow, Count Wilhelm von Mirbach, on July 6 1918. This was followed by the revolution.

The main rebel force was a detachment commanded by D. I. Popov, a Left S.R. and member of the Cheka. About 1,800 revolutionaries took part in the insurrection, bombarding the Kremlin with artillery and seizing the telephone exchange and telegraph office. During the two days that they remained in control there, they sent out several manifestos, bulletins and telegrams in the name of the Left S.R. Central Committee declaring that the Left S.R.s had taken over power and that their action had been welcomed by the whole people. The Fifth Congress of Soviets instructed the government to suppress the insurrection at once, and the group of Left S.R.s at the Congress was arrested.

The Anarchists and Left S.R.s also started insurrections in Petrograd, Vologda, Arzamas, Murom, Yaroslavl, Velikiy Ustyug, Rybinsk and other cities. A telegram from the Left S. R. Central Committee stating that the Left S.R.s had seized power in Moscow, was sent to M. A. Muravyov, a Left S.R. and Commander of the Eastern Front. On the pretext of attacking the Germans, he seized Simbirsk (later Ulyanovsk) and march his forces on Moscow in support of the revolutionaries.