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Timeline of first orbital launches by nationality

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This is a timeline of first orbital launches by nationality. While a number of countries have built satellites, only eight nations and the multi-national European Space Agency have sent objects into orbit using their own launch systems. In all cases, unmanned satellites have preceded manned launches.

The race to launch the first satellite was closely contested by the Soviet Union and the United States and was the beginning of the Space Race. Satellite launching, while still adding to national prestige, has become a significant economic activity with public and private rocket systems competing for launches using cost and reliability as selling points.

Contents

[edit] List of first orbital launches by country

Country Satellite Rocket Location Date
1950s
Image:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg USSR [1] Sputnik 1 R-7 Semyorka Baikonur Cosmodrome, Soviet Union (modern day Kazakhstan) October 4, 1957
Image:Flag of the United States.svg United States Explorer 1 Jupiter-C Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, United States January 31, 1958
1960s
Image:Flag of France.svg France Asterix Diamant Hammaguir, Algeria November 26, 1965
1970s
Image:Flag of Japan (bordered).svg Japan Ohsumi Lambda Tanegashima Space Center, Japan February 11, 1970
Image:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg People's Republic of China Dong Fang Hong I Long March Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, China April 24, 1970
Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Prospero X-3 Black Arrow Woomera, Australia October 28, 1971
22x20px European Space Agency [2] CAT 1 Ariane 1 Guiana Space Centre, French Guiana December 24, 1979
1980s
Image:Flag of India.svg India Rohini 1 SLV Satish Dhawan Space Centre, India July 18, 1980
Image:Flag of Israel (bordered).svg Israel Ofeq 1 Shavit Palmachim Air Force Base, Israel September 19, 1988

[edit] Not included

[edit] Notes

1 Russia is the successor state of the Soviet Union and has taken over its space programme.
2 The multi-national European Space Agency is a collaborative effort between Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom

[edit] See also


 

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Space Exploration Lists and Timelines

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Landings on other planets • List of planetary probes • Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes • List of objects at Lagrangian points • List of artificial objects on extra-terrestrial surfaces • List of artificial objects on the Moon • List of artificial objects on Venus • List of artificial objects on Mars • Timeline of Earth science satellites • List of Earth observation satellites

List of space exploration milestones, 1957-1969 • Space firsts • Spaceflight records • Timeline of astronauts by nationality • Timeline of first orbital launches by nationality • Timeline of Solar System exploration • Timeline of the Space Race

List of manned spacecraft • List of unmanned spacecraft by program • List of spacecraft • List of launch vehicles • Timeline of rocket and missile technology • List of space agencies • List of private spaceflight companies


[edit] References

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