Toledo, Ohio

Toledo is a city in Lucas County on the northern border of Ohio and the western end of Lake Erie. It is the county seat^GR6 of Lucas County, and the principal city in the Toledo Metropolitan Statistical Area. In the 2000 census, the city proper had a population of 313,619. As of July 1, 2005, however, the U.S. Census Bureau listed the city with a reduced population of 301,285, allowing Toledo to maintain its place as the fourth-largest city in the state. Toledo is known as the Glass City because of its long history of innovation in all aspects of the glass industry: windows, bottles, windshields, construction materials, and glass art, of which the Toledo Museum of Art has a large collection. The Jeep vehicle has been manufactured in Toledo since 1941.

[edit] History

The area was first settled by European Americans in 1794, ten years after the Battle of Fallen Timbers, with the founding of Fort Industry. However, with the War of 1812, many settlers fled the area. Resettling around 1817 a Cincinnati syndicate purchased a 974-acre tract at the mouth of Swan Creek and named it Port Lawrence. The syndicate failed 3 years later, and the settlement joined with a river settlement to the north called Vistula. The inhabitants of this joined settlement chose the name Toledo, "but the reason for this choice is buried in a welter of legends. One recounts that Washington Irving, who was traveling in Spain at the time, suggested the name to his brother, a local resident; this explanation ignores the fact that Irving returned to the United States in 1832. Others award the honor to Two Stickney, son of the major who quaintly numbered his sons and named his daughters after States. The most popular version attributes the naming to Willard J. Daniels, a merchant, who reputedly suggested Toledo because it 'is easy to pronounce, is pleasant in sound, and there is no other city of that name on the American continent'."

From the Federal Writers' Project - The Ohio Guide - 1940

On January 15, 1936, the first building to be completely covered in glass was constructed in Toledo. It was a building for the Owens-Illinois Glass Company and marked a milestone in architectural design that eventually led to the International style of architecture.

[edit] Toledo War

Main article: Toledo War

An almost bloodless conflict between Ohio and the Michigan Territory, called the Toledo War (1835-1836), was "fought" over a narrow strip of land from the Indiana border to Lake Erie, now containing the city and the suburbs of Sylvania and Oregon. The strip—which varied between five and eight miles in width—was claimed by the state of Ohio and the Michigan Territory due to old conflicting legislation about where the Ohio-Michigan state line should be. Militias from both states were sent but never engaged. The only casualty of the conflict was a Michigan deputy sheriff—stabbed in the leg by Two Stickney during the arrest of his elder brother, One Stickney—and the loss of two horses, two pigs and a handful of chickens stolen from an Ohio farm by lost members of the Michigan militia. [1]

In the end, the state of Ohio was awarded the land after the state of Michigan was given the Upper Peninsula in exchange.

[edit] Recent events

See 2005 Toledo Riot

[edit] Geography

Toledo is located at 41°39′56″N, 83°34′31″W (41.665682, -83.575337)^GR1. The city sits astride the Maumee River at the southern end of Maumee Bay, which is the westernmost inlet of Lake Erie. Toledo is north of what was formerly the Great Black Swamp, giving rise to another nickname, Frog Town. An important ecological site, a sandy oak savanna called the Oak Openings region, lies just west.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 217.8 km² (84.1 mi²). 208.8 km² (80.6 mi²) of it is land and 8.9 km² (3.5 mi²) of it (4.10%) is water.

[edit] Climate

Main article: Climate of Toledo, Ohio

Toledo, like many other cities in the Great Lakes region, experiences a continental climate, characterized by four distinct seasons, with significant variations in temperature and precipitation between them. The city's location directly on Lake Erie moderates its climate somewhat, so that it is less extreme than if the city were further from the lake. The city also shares many climatic characteristics with the Ohio Valley, such as slightly warmer winters and increased precipitation that is more evenly spread throughout the year.^{[citation needed]}

The warmest month of the year is July, when high temperatures average 87°F (30°C), and overnight low temperatures average 68°F (20°C). January is the coldest month, when high temperatures average 33°F (1°C), and low temperatures average 22°F (-5°C). The wettest month of the year is June, when 3.84 inches (97.5mm) of precipitation falls. The driest month is January, when 2.00 inches (50.8mm) of precipitation falls. The warmest temperature ever recorded in Toledo was 105°F (41°C) on July 31, 1999. The coldest temperature ever recorded was -16°F (-27°C), on January 21, 1985.

[edit] Demographics

City of Toledo Population by year [2]
Year	Population	U.S. Pop. Ranking
1860	13,768	68th
1870	31,584	40th
1880	50,137	35th
1890	81,434	34th
1900	131,822	26th
1910	168,497	30th
1920	243,164	26th
1930	290,718	27th
1940	282,349	34th
1950	303,616	36th
1960	318,003	39th
1970	383,818	34th
1980	354,635	40th
1990	332,943	49th
2000	313,619	57th

As of the census^GR2 of 2000, there were 313,619 people, 128,925 households, and 77,355 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,502.0/km² (3,890.0/mi²). There were 139,871 housing units at an average density of 669.9/km² (1,734.9/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 70.23% White, 23.55% African American, 0.31% Native American, 1.03% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 2.28% from other races, and 2.57% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.47% of the population.

There were 128,925 households out of which 29.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.2% were married couples living together, 17.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.0% were non-families. 32.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 3.04.

In the city the population was spread out with 26.2% under the age of 18, 11.0% from 18 to 24, 29.8% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 13.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females there were 91.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.7 males. There was a total of 139,871 housing units in the city, of which 10,946 (7.8%) were vacant.

The median income for a household in the city was $32,546, and the median income for a family was $41,175. Males had a median income of $35,407 versus $25,023 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,388. About 14.2% of families and 17.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.9% of those under age 18 and 10.4% of those age 65 or over.

[edit] Economy

Toledo is best known for manufacturing, although this industry has declined considerably in past decades. The Big Three automakers all have factories in metropolitan Toledo. The city is home to three Fortune 500 companies: Dana Corporation, Owens Corning, and Owens-Illinois. Owens-Illinois has recently announced plans to relocate to suburban Perrysburg. HCR Manor Care is an up and coming Fortune 1000 company headquartered in Toledo. Though the largest employer in Toledo was Jeep for much of the 20th century, this honor has recently gone to the University of Toledo. Manufacturing as a whole now employs fewer Toledoans than does the healthcare industry, now the city's biggest employer. In 2001, a taxpayer lawsuit was filed against Toledo that challenged the constitutionality of tax incentives it extended to DaimlerChrysler for the expansion of its Jeep plant. The case was won by the city on a technical issue after it reached the U.S. Supreme Court in DaimlerChrysler Corp. v. Cuno, 547 U.S. ___ (2006).

Toledo is the primary market city for northwest Ohio, a region of nine counties and a population in excess of 1 million. As such there is a high concentration of retail establishments and medical facilities in Toledo. The city's location at the intersection of I-80/I-90 and I-75 (i.e. "The Crossroads of America") has made it a popular hub location for transportation companies such as UPS and BAX Global. Toledo is also the nation's third busiest rail hub, 15th-busiest air cargo hub, and one of the busiest ports on the Great Lakes.

[edit] Education

[edit] Colleges and universities

These higher education institutions operate campuses within the city of Toledo:

University of Toledo
Davis College
Medical University of Ohio (formerly the Medical College of Ohio, now the University of Toledo Health Science campus)
Owens Community College
Mercy College of Northwest Ohio
Stautzenberger College
Toledo Academy of Beauty
Toledo Professional Skills Institute

Nearby are the following other higher education institutions:

Adrian College, in Adrian, Michigan.
Siena Heights University, in Adrian, Michigan.
Monroe County Community College, in Monroe, Michigan.
Hillsdale College, in Hillsdale, Michigan.
Eastern Michigan University, in Ypsilanti, Michigan.
Bowling Green State University, in Bowling Green and Huron.
Heidelberg College, in Tiffin.
Lourdes College, in Sylvania.
Owens Community College, in Perrysburg.

[edit] Schools

Toledo Public Schools operates public schools within much of the city limits, along with the Washington Local School District in northern Toledo. Additionally, several private and parochial high schools are present within Toledo including Central Catholic High School, St. Francis de Sales High School, St. John's Jesuit High School, Notre Dame Academy, and St. Ursula Academy. The sixth Catholic high school in the area, Cardinal Stritch High School, is located in nearby Oregon.

[edit] Media

Main article: List of Toledo, Ohio media outlets

The following are media outlets located in the city of Toledo. Also serving the city are a number of other radio and television stations, and newspapers located outside the city limits, including many such media outlets in the Detroit, Michigan, area. Some of these newspapers and broadcasting stations are listed below, with the city of publication or license noted when occurring outside of Toledo.

[edit] Newspapers

The Blade, a daily newspaper, is the primary newspaper in Toledo and was founded in 1835. It considers itself to be one of the best local newspapers in the United States. Page one of each issue asserts "One of America's Great Newspapers." The city's arts and entertainment weekly is the Toledo City Paper. In March 2005, the weekly newspaper Toledo Free Press began publication, and it has a focus on news and sports. Other weeklies include the "West Toledo Herald," "El Tiempo", La Prensa, Sojourner's Truth, and the Toledo Journal, as well as type A magazine, a quarterly publication focused on Toledo's anarchist community. Toledo Tales provides satire and parody of life in the Glass City.

[edit] Magazines

Clamor is a bi-monthly magazine published in Toledo, Ohio. The focus of the magazine is alternative culture (covering art, commentary, cultural criticism, photography, interviews, politics, and music), often from a politically left-wing perspective.

[edit] Television stations

05 WT05 - CW (cable only/non-broadcast in NW Ohio on various cables... usually cable channel 5)
11 WTOL - CBS
13 WTVG - ABC
22 W22CO - TBN (formerly channel 68)
24 WNWO-TV - NBC
27 WBGU-TV - PBS (in Bowling Green, Ohio)
30 WGTE-TV - PBS
34 WBTL-LP - HSN, Infomercials (formerly broadcast channel 5)
36 WUPW - Fox
38 W38DH - America's Store (formerly channel 64)
40 WLMB - Christian, FN , Worship
48 WNGT-LP - MNTV and UATV
BCSN Buckeye Cable Sports Network {cable only}

'** Low Power stations (containing "LP" or numbers in their calls) had to move, due to HDTV station conversions on a specific station number. Therefore, the station on that channel had to move to another channel number.

[edit] Radio stations

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[edit] AM

730 WJYM - christian (licensed to Bowling Green, Ohio)
1230 WCWA (Fox Sports 1230) - sports
1370 WSPD - news/talk
1470 WLQR (The Ticket) - sports "Formerly AM1470 - WOHO"
1520 WDMN - christian
1560 WTOD (SuperTalk 1560) - talk

[edit] FM

88.3 WXUT - Alternative (University of Toledo, part-time)
88.3 WXTS - Jazz (Scott High School, part-time)
89.3 WYSZ (Yes FM) - Christian Rock (licensed to Maumee, Ohio and marketed online to Detroit)
90.3 WOTL - christian
91.3 WGTE-FM - Classical
92.5 WVKS (Kiss FM) - Contemporary Hits/Top 40
93.5 WRQN - Oldies (licensed to Bowling Green, Ohio)
94.5 WXKR (94 Five-XKR) - Classic Rock (licensed to Port Clinton, Ohio)
95.7 WIMX (Mix 95.7) - Urban Adult Contemporary (licensed to Gibsonburg, Ohio)
96.9 WXQQ - Satellite Contemporary Christian (licensed to Wauseon, Ohio)
97.3 WJZE (Hot 97.3) - Rhythmic Top 40/Mainstream Urban
98.3 WTWR-FM (Tower 98) - Top 40 (licensed to Luna Pier, Michigan)
99.9 WKKO (K100) - Country
100.7 W264AK - Christian
101.5 WRVF (The River) - Adult Contemporary
102.3 WPOS - Christian (licensed to Holland, Ohio)
104.7 WIOT - Rock
105.5 WWWM (Star 105) - Hot Adult Contemporary (licensed to Sylvania, Ohio)
106.5 WRWK (The Zone) - Alternative Rock
107.3 WJUC (The Juice) - Urban Contemporary (licensed to Swanton, Ohio)
107.9 WMLZ-LP (107.9 The Blend) - 80's & 90's (Bedford Public Schools/licensed to Temperance, MI)

[edit] Sites of interest

The Toledo Museum of Art is an internationally-acclaimed museum located in a Greek Revival building. The Center for Visual Arts addition by Frank Gehry was added in the recent past and the Museum's new Glass Pavilion across Monroe Street opened in August 2006.
The Toledo zoo - consistently rated as one of the nation's ten best - was the first zoo to feature a hippoquarium-style exhibit.
The COSI Toledo science museum on the Maumee River in downtown Toledo.
The Willis B. Boyer is a former Cleveland-Cliffs lake freighter open to the public as a museum, located at International Park, across from downtown Toledo along the Maumee River.
The R. A. Stranahan Arboretum is a 47-acre arboretum maintained by the University of Toledo.
The Old West End is an historic neighborhood of Victorian, Arts & Crafts, and other Edwardian style houses recognized by the National Register of Historic Places.
The world famous Tony Packo's Cafe is located in the Hungarian neighborhood on the east side of Toledo known as Birmingham, and features hot dog buns signed by celebrities.
The Maumee River Crossing is being constructed over the Maumee River on Interstate 280, just north-east of downtown Toledo. This 400 foot tall bridge, when completed, will add a distinctive feature to Toledo's skyline.
The Anthony Wayne Suspension Bridge, a 3215 foot suspension bridge crossing the Maumee River
The Toledo Metroparks
Toledo Botanical Garden
Martin Luther King, Jr. Plaza was built as Central Union Terminal by the New York Central Railroad in 1950 and currently serves as the city's Amtrak station.
The University Parks Trail, a six mile asphalt paved path that runs from the west end of the city to the University of Toledo. The trail is what is known as a "rails to trails" effort that uses abandoned railway corridors for urban multi-use trails.

[edit] Sports

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The University of Toledo fields teams in several intercollegiate sports, many of which enjoy loyal followings by Toledo sports fans. The Toledo Rockets football team plays at the Glass Bowl, while the basketball teams compete at Savage Hall.

Club	Sport	Founded	League	Venue
Toledo Mud Hens	Baseball	1896	International League	Fifth Third Field
Toledo Ice	Basketball	2005	ABA: White Conference	SeaGate Convention Centre
Toledo Storm	Hockey	1990	ECHL	Toledo Sports Arena

The Mud Hens are one of minor league baseball's oldest teams, having first played in 1896. Fifth Third Field, however, is a new stadium, having been completed in 2002. In 2005, the Mud Hens won the International League Governor's Cup Championship by beating the Indianapolis Indians and again in 2006 by defeating the Rochester Red Wings. Fifth Third Field also made record-breaking attendance with over 590,000 fans, the most in Mud Hen's history. The Mudhens are the AAA affiliate of the Detroit Tigers.

The Toledo Sports Arena is home to the Toledo Storm of the ECHL (formerly East Coast Hockey League), and has also hosted many other sporting events. Inverness Club is a famous golf club and course frequently featured on the tours of the Professional Golfers' Association of America (as well as the PGA Tour and LPGA).

The SeaGate Convention Centre is home to the Toledo Ice of the ABA Basketball League, who began their first season in Toledo in November, 2005.

Fifth Third Field, home of the Toledo Mud Hens Baseball Club, was selected by Newsweek magazine as the best ballpark in Minor League Baseball in 2002.

Toledo Speedway is a local auto racetrack that features, among other events, stock car racing and concerts.

The Toledo Mud Hens are also the defending Govenors Cup Champions two years running.

[edit] Major routes

Interstate 75 from Rossford, Ohio to Washington Township, Lucas County, Ohio
Interstate 280 from Oregon, Ohio to Interstate 75
Interstate 475 from Sylvania Township, Lucas County, Ohio to Interstate 75
U.S. Route 20 Reynolds Road (Sylvania Township, Lucas County, Ohio to Maumee, Ohio)
U.S. Route 24 S Detroit Avenue (Maumee, Ohio to Fearing Boulevard), Fearing Boulevard (S Detroit Avenue to N Detroit Avenue), N Detroit Avenue (Fearing Boulevard to Telegraph Road), Telegraph Road (N Detroit Highway to Bedford Township, Monroe County, Michigan)
SR 2 Airport Highway (Springfield Township, Lucas County, Ohio to Western Avenue), Western Avenue (Airport Highway to Broadway Street), Broadway Street (Western Avenue to Clayton Avenue), Clayton Avenue (turns into Woodville Road on the Anthony Wayne Suspension Bridge, Woodville Road (Clayton Street to Navarre Ave), Navarre Ave (Woodville Road to Oregon, Ohio)
SR 25 Anthony Wayne Trail (Maumee, Ohio to Erie Street (northbound) and Michigan Avenue (southbound)), Greenbelt Parkway (Cherry Street (northbound)/Spielbusch Avenue (southbound) to Interstate 280), ends at Interstate 280

(northbound) - Erie Street (Anthony Wayne Trail to Cherry Street), Cherry Street (Erie Street to Greenbelt Parkway)
(southbound) - Michigan Avenue (Spielbusch Avenue to Anthony Wayne Trail), Spielbusch Avenue (Greenbelt Parkway to Michigan Avenue)

SR 51 Monroe Street (Sylvania Township, Lucas County, Ohio to Summit Street), Summit Street (Monroe Street to Clayton Street), Clayton Street (turns into Woodville Road on the Anthony Wayne Suspension Bridge), Woodville Road (Clayton Street to Oregon, Ohio)
SR 65 Miami Street (Rossford, Ohio to Fassett Street), Fassett Street (Miami Street to Oak Street), Oak Street (Fassett Street to Woodville Road), Woodville Road (turns into Clayton Street on the Anthony Wayne Suspension Bridge), Clayton Street (Woodville Road to Summit Street), Summit Street (Clayton Street to Interstate 280), ends at Interstate 280
SR 120 Central Avenue (Ottawa Hills, Ohio and Sylvania Township, Lucas County, Ohio to Cherry Street), Cherry Street (Central Avenue to Maumee River), ends at Maumee River
SR 184 Alexis Road (Sylvania Township, Lucas County, Ohio to Interstate 75), ends at Interstate 75
SR 246 Dorr Street (Reynolds Road/US 20 to 17th Street), 17th Street (to Monroe Street), ends at Monroe Street

[edit] Rail transportation

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Amtrak, the national passenger rail system, provides service to Toledo. Amtrak Train 29, the westbound Capitol Limited, is scheduled to depart Toledo at 4:57am daily with service to Waterloo, Elkhart, South Bend, and Chicago. Amtrak Train 30, the eastbound Capitol Limited, is scheduled to depart Toledo at 10:45pm daily with service to Sandusky, Elyria, Cleveland, Alliance, Pittsburgh, Connellsville, Cumberland, Martinsburg, Harpers Ferry, Rockville, and Washington, DC. Amtrak Train 49, the westbound Lake Shore Limited, is scheduled to depart Toledo at 5:35am daily with service to Bryan, Waterloo, Elkhart, South Bend, and Chicago. Amtrak Train 48, the eastbound Lake Shore Limited, is scheduled to depart Toledo at 1:30am daily with service to Sandusky, Elyria, Cleveland, Erie, Buffalo-Depew, Rochester, Syracuse, Utica, Schenectady, and Albany-Rensselaer. Train 48 splits at this point with one section proceeding to Boston via Pittsfield, Springfield, Worcester and Framingham. The other section continues to Croton-Harmon and New York City.

[edit] Notable residents

Famous Toledoans include:

James Mitchell Ashley - abolitionist and author of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
Anita Baker - R&B singer
Jonathan Bennett - actor, who is actually from Toledo's suburb, Rossford.
Christine Brennan, "USA Today" sports columnist, ESPN, ABC Sports and NPE sports analyst, and author of six books.
Teresa Brewer (singer)
Joe E Brown
Daws Butler, voice actor who voiced famous cartoon characters such as Huckleberry Hound, Yogi Bear, Snagglepuss and Elroy Jetson.
Paul Chamberlin
Edmund Coffin - saddlemaker and equestrian
John Cromwell (director)
Don Donoher
Jamie Farr - his character, Klinger, in M*A*S*H was also from Toledo and had a fanatical devotion to the city
Martin Frankel
Philip Baker Hall
Scott Hamilton, Olympic gold medalist in figure skating (who grew up in Bowling Green, south of Toledo)
Jim Harbaugh
Jon Hendricks (from the jazz group Lambert, Hendricks, & Ross)
Arthur Hills (golf course designer)
Katie Holmes Actress/ Model
Jim Jackson, basketball player
Chester "Lyfe" Jennings, singer
Kristina Keneally
Gene Kranz
Jim Leyland Detriot Tigers Manager
David Ross Locke, a journalist and early political commentator during the American Civil War
Doug Mientkiewicz, baseball player
Christopher Moore, novelist
George Mullin, baseball player
Shirley Murdoch (Platinum selling R&B singer in the 1980's)
Scott Nearing
P. J. O'Rourke
Kelvin Ransey
Jan Roberts
Gerald Robinson
Allen Sarven, ( World Wrestling Entertainment Superstar & Extreme Championship Wrestling Superstar ) - Formerly of, Lima, Ohio
Tom Scholz (founder of 70s rock band Boston (band))
Bryan Smolinski NHL hockey player; actually from Genoa, Ohio. Attended Cardinal Stritch High School, Oregon, Ohio.
John W. Snow (United States Secretary of the Treasury)
Gloria Steinem
Alyson Stoner (dancer, actress)
Frank Stranahan (Golfer)
Art Tatum
Danny Thomas
Bonnie Turner (Creator of That 70's Show and 3rd Rock from the Sun)
Greg Wojciechowski (Member of the U.S. Olympic wrestling team in 1980, however he was unable to compete as the United States boycotted the 1980 Summer Olympics. He was an alternate on the 1984 and 1988 U.S. Olympic wrestling teams.)
Mari Evans author, dramaticist from Toledo
Paul Lawrence Dunbar poet, originally from Dayton lived in Toledo for a while, was friends of the Wright brothers in high school

See also: List of mayors of Toledo, Ohio

[edit] Sister Cities

Toledo linked with Toledo, Spain as Sister Cities in 1931, creating the first Sister Cities relationship in the world. In total, Toledo has eight Sister Cities, as designated by Sister Cities International, Inc. (SCI):

[edit] Trivia

Toledo's location at the intersection of US Highways 23 and 24 and State Route 25 make Toledo one of the few cities located at the intersection of 3 consecutively numbered highways.

[edit] External links

Maps and aerial photos Coordinates: 41.665682° -83.575337°
- Street map from Google Maps, or Yahoo! Maps, or Windows Live Local
- Satellite image from Google Maps, Windows Live Local, WikiMapia
- Topographic map from TopoZone
- Aerial image or topographic map from TerraServer-USA

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