Transport engineering
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Image:Roundabout.bristol.arp.jpg Transport engineering (alternatively transportation engineering) aims to ensure the safe and efficient movement of people and goods (transport). It is a sub-discipline of civil engineering.
The planning aspects of transportation engineering relate to urban planning, and involve technical forecasting decisions and political factors. Technical forecasting of passenger travel usually involves what is called a four-step urban transportation planning model, requiring the estimation of trip generation (how many trips for what purpose), trip distribution (destination choice, where is the traveler going), mode choice (what mode is being taken), and route assignment (which streets or routes are being used). More sophisticated forecasting can include other aspects of traveler decisions, including auto ownership, trip chaining (the decision to link individual trips together in a tour) and the choice of residential or business location (known as land use forecasting).
While passenger trips are often the main focus of transportation engineering since these often represent the peak of demand on any transportation system, the field also has a keen focus on freight transport (the movement of goods from their point of manufacture to their point of sale).
The design aspects of transportation engineering include the sizing of transportation facilities (how many lanes or how much capacity the facility has), determining the materials and thickness used in pavement, designing the geometry (vertical and horizontal alignment) of the roadway (or track).
Operations and management involve traffic engineering, so that vehicles move smoothly on the road or track. Older techniques include signs, signals, markings, and tolling. Newer technologies involve Intelligent Transportation Systems, including Advanced Traveler Information Systems (such as variable message signs), Advanced Traffic Control Systems (such as ramp meters), and Vehicle Infrastructure Integration. Human factors are an important aspect of transport engineering, particularly concerning driver-vehicle interface and user interface of road signs, signals, and markings.
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[edit] Highway Engineering
Engineers in this specialization handle the design, construction, and operation of highways, roads, and other vehicular facilities.
[edit] Railroad Engineering
Engineers in this specialization handle the design, construction, and operation of railroads and mass transit systems that use a fixed guideway (such as light rail or even monorails). Typical tasks would include determining horizontal and vertical alignment design, station location and design, and construction cost estimating. Railroad engineers can also move into the specialized field of train dispatching which focuses on train movement control.
[edit] Port & Harbor Engineering
Engineers in this specialization handle the design, construction, and operation of ports, harbors, canals, and other maritime facilities. This is not to be confused with marine engineering.
[edit] Airport Engineering
Engineers in this specialization handle the design and construction of airports. Airport engineers must account for the unique impacts and demands of aircraft in their design of airport facilities. One such example is the analysis of predominant wind direction to determine runway orientation.
[edit] See also
- Pavement engineering
- Highway engineering
- Utility cycling
- Bicycle transportation engineering
- Space syntax (Pedestrian and vehicular analysis using similar techniques to standard transportation engineering)
- Transportation planning
- All-four
- Traffic engineering
[edit] External links
- http://www.ite.org Institute of Transportation Engineers, a professional society for transportation engineers
- http://www.itsa.org ITS Americade:Verkehrsingenieurwesen
