12th century

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Millennium:	1st millennium - 2nd millennium - 3rd millennium

Centuries:	11th century - 12th century - 13th century
Decades:	1100s 1110s 1120s 1130s 1140s 1150s 1160s 1170s 1180s 1190s

As a means of recording the passage of time, the 12th century was that century which lasted from 1101 to 1200. In the history of European culture, this period is considered part of the High Middle Ages.

1 Events
2 Significant people
3 Inventions, discoveries and introductions
4 Decades and years

[edit] Events

1102, King Coloman unites Hungary and Croatia under the Hungarian Crown
c.1119, Foundation of the Knights Templar
1127, The Song dynasty loses power over Northern China.
1128, Portugal gains independence from the kingdom of León (recognised by León in 1143).
1130–1180, Fifty-year drought in the American Southwest.
1135–1154, The Anarchy is a period of civil war in England.
1136, Suger begins rebuilding abbey church at St Denis north of Paris, which is regarded as the first major Gothic building.
1140–1150, Collapse of the Ancestral Puebloan culture at Chaco Canyon
1145–1148, The Second Crusade is launched in response to the fall of the County of Edessa.
1169, start of the conquest of Ireland. Richard fitzGilbert de Clare ('Strongbow') makes an alliance with the exiled Irish chief, Dermot MacMurrough, to help him recover his kingdom of Leinster.
1170, Thomas Becket is murdered.
1185, Founding of the cathedral school (Katedralskolan) in Lund, Sweden. The school is the oldest in northern Europe, and one of the oldest in Europe as a whole.
1189–1192, The Third crusade was an attempt by European leaders to reconquer the Holy Land from Saladin.
1193, Nalanda, the great Indian Buddhist educational centre, is destroyed.
1198, Frederick II is crowned King of Sicily at the age of 3 (also known as Frederick I of Sicily).
c. 1200, The Toltec Empire collapses.
Renaissance of the 12th century in Europe.
The Kamakura Shogunate deprives the Emperor of Japan of political power.
Gothic Architecture begins in France
Conflict between the Khmer Empire and Champa. Angkor Wat is built under the Hindu king Suryavarman II. At the end of the century the Buddhist Jayavarman VII becomes ruler.
Pope Adrian IV grants overlordship of Ireland to Henry II of England.
The medieval Serbian state formed by Stefan Nemanja and continued by the Nemanjić dynasty.
Pierre Abelard teaches.

[edit] Significant people

Francis of Assisi Christian saint
Genghis Khan, Great Khan of the Mongol Empire.
Bhaskara, towering figure in several disparate fields of mathematics
Pierre Abélard, one of the first scholastic philosophers; author of "Historia calamitatum mearum", a description of his love affair with Héloïse.
Bernard of Clairvaux, French abbot influential in church politics.
William Marshal, knight and statesman.
Manuel I Comnenus, Byzantine Emperor who allied with the Crusaders.
Saladin, ruler of Egypt and Syria who resisted the Crusaders.
Hugh of St. Victor, French scholar.
Philip Augustus, French king.
Friedrich Barbarossa, Holy Roman Emperor
Richard I of England
Richard of St. Victor, theologian.
Alfonso I Henriques, first King of Portugal.
Maimonides, leading Jewish philosopher.
Thomas Becket, archbishop of Canterbury.
Minamoto no Yoritomo, first shogun of Japan.
Omar Khayyám, Persian poet and astronomer
Eleanor of Aquitaine, queen consort of France and later the Kingdom of England.
Hildegard of Bingen, first Western musical composer known by name.
Suryavarman II, Khmer king
Jayavarman VII, Khmer king
Ibn Rushd, Philosopher

[edit] Inventions, discoveries and introductions

Beginning of the Gothic architecture style in France.
Building of Angkor Wat in Khmer empire.
First European universities founded.
Christian humanism becomes a self-conscious philosophical tendency in Europe.
Earliest record of a miracle play, in Dunstable, England.
Beginning of trouvère music and poetry in France.
Beginning of the Ars antiqua period in the history of Western European music
Earliest account of a mariner's compass, by Alexander Neckam is "De utensilibus".
First fire and plague insurance (in Iceland).
First authenticated influenza epidemics.
Start of Middle English
Hoysala architecture reaches a peak

[edit] Decades and years

1090s	1090	1091	1092	1093	1094	1095	1096	1097	1098	1099
1100s	1100	1101	1102	1103	1104	1105	1106	1107	1108	1109
1110s	1110	1111	1112	1113	1114	1115	1116	1117	1118	1119
1120s	1120	1121	1122	1123	1124	1125	1126	1127	1128	1129
1130s	1130	1131	1132	1133	1134	1135	1136	1137	1138	1139
1140s	1140	1141	1142	1143	1144	1145	1146	1147	1148	1149
1150s	1150	1151	1152	1153	1154	1155	1156	1157	1158	1159
1160s	1160	1161	1162	1163	1164	1165	1166	1167	1168	1169
1170s	1170	1171	1172	1173	1174	1175	1176	1177	1178	1179
1180s	1180	1181	1182	1183	1184	1185	1186	1187	1188	1189
1190s	1190	1191	1192	1193	1194	1195	1196	1197	1198	1199
1200s	1200	1201	1202	1203	1204	1205	1206	1207	1208	1209

Millennium	Century
4th BC:	40th BC	39th BC	38th BC	37th BC	36th BC	35th BC	34th BC	33rd BC	32nd BC	31st BC
3rd BC:	30th BC	29th BC	28th BC	27th BC	26th BC	25th BC	24th BC	23rd BC	22nd BC	21st BC
2nd BC:	20th BC	19th BC	18th BC	17th BC	16th BC	15th BC	14th BC	13th BC	12th BC	11th BC
1st BC:	10th BC	9th BC	8th BC	7th BC	6th BC	5th BC	4th BC	3rd BC	2nd BC	1st BC
1st:	1st	2nd	3rd	4th	5th	6th	7th	8th	9th	10th
2nd:	11th	12th	13th	14th	15th	16th	17th	18th	19th	20th
3rd:	21st	22nd	23rd	24th	25th	26th	27th	28th	29th	30th
4th:	31st	32nd	33rd	34th	35th	36th	37th	38th	39th	40th