UH-60 Black Hawk

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For other uses of Blackhawk/Black Hawk, see Black Hawk.

Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk

UH-60 Black Hawk helicopter.
Type	Utility helicopter
Manufacturer	Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation
Primary user	United States Army
Unit cost	US$5.9 million
Developed from	Sikorsky S-70
Variants	SH-60 Seahawk HH-60 Pave Hawk HH-60 Jayhawk

The Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk is a twin-turbine engine, single rotor, semi-monocoque fuselage, rotary wing helicopter. The Sikorsky S-70 medium-lift utility or assault helicopter was the winner of a United States Army competition in the late 1970s to replace the UH-1 Huey family. Though the two final competing designs were both developed to Army specifications, the UH-60 was selected over an entry from Boeing-Vertol. It would go on to serve as the basis for variants in service with other branches of the US military.

1 Overview
2 History
3 Variants
4 Problems
5 Specifications (UH-60 Black Hawk)
6 Operators
7 References
8 External links
9 Related content

[edit] Overview

It can perform a wide array of missions, including the tactical transport of troops, electronic warfare, and aeromedical evacuation: several Black Hawks are even used to transport the President of the United States as Marine One. In air assault operations it can move a squad of 11 combat troops with equipment or reposition the 105 mm M102 howitzer with thirty rounds of 105 mm ammunition, and a six-man crew in a single lift. Alternatively, it can carry 2,600 lb (1,170 kg) of cargo or sling load 9,000 lb (4,050 kg) of cargo. The Black Hawk is equipped with advanced avionics and electronics for increased survivability and capability, such as the Global Positioning System.

[edit] History

Image:CSA-2005-05-05-102937.jpg The Black Hawk was developed to meet a US Army requirement for a UH-1 Iroquois replacement in 1972. Three prototypes were constructed, the first (YUH-60) flying in October 1974, and evaluated against a rival (YUH-61) Boeing-Vertol design. The Black Hawk was selected for production and the UH-60A entered service with the US Army in 1979. In the late 1980s the model was upgraded to the UH-60L (First production aircraft 89-26179) which featured more power and lift with the upgrade to the -701C model of the GE engines. A newer model is being engineered (UH-60M), which will extend the service life of both UH-60A's and UH-60L's well into the 2020s, features still more power and lift and state of the art electronic instrumentation, flight controls and aircraft navigation control.

[edit] Variants

The standard UH-60 comes in many variants, and many different modifications. The standard US Army version can be fitted with wings that allow it to carry up to four external fuel tanks for extended range operations, while variants may have different capabilities and their respective equipment in order to fulfill different roles.

In 1982, the United States Air Force received the HH-60G Pave Hawk, a highly modified version of the Black Hawk primarily designed to recover downed aircrew or other isolated personnel during war. It is equipped with a rescue hoist with a 200 ft (60.96 m) cable that has a 600 lb (270 kg) lift capability, and a retractable in-flight refueling probe.
In 1983, the United States Navy received the first navalized SH-60B Seahawks. The SH-60F was received in 1988.
In 1992, the United States Coast Guard received the HH-60J Jayhawk. It is equipped with a rescue hoist with a 200 ft (60.96 m) cable that has a 600 lb (270 kg) lift capability.
The S-70A Firehawk is a version of the Black Hawk designed for firefighting, rescue, medical evacuation, and external lift of bulky cargo and equipment. The Oregon National Guard was the first military organization in the world to add the Firehawk to its inventory; the Los Angeles County Fire Department was the first municipal organization.
The United States Army also flies medical evacuation models which are configured as rotary winged medical suites.
MH-60K Blackhawk variants are also used for special operations by the 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment ("Night Stalkers") at Fort Campbell, Kentucky.
MH-60L Direct Action Penetrator (DAP) is operated by the 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment.[1] It is capable of being armed with 30mm chain gun and 2.75" rockets, as well as M134D gatling guns operated as door guns or fixed forward.
AH-60L Arpía III is a Colombian version, used by the Fuerza Aérea Colombiana
AH-60L / S-70 Battle Hawk in use by the Australian Army
In 1991 the US ARMY and NASA completed first flight testing of the UH-60 RASCAL<ref>http://ails.arc.nasa.gov/Images/Aeronautics/AC91-0712-15.html</ref> (Rotorcraft-Aircrew Systems Concepts Airborne Laboratory) spending $US25M on a highly modified Black Hawk Helicopter in order to study maneuverability<ref>http://www.scienceblog.com/community/older/archives/D/archnas1570.html</ref>

The unit cost varies with the version due to the varying specifications and equipment. For example, the unit cost of the Army's UH-60L Black Hawk is $5.9 million while the unit cost of the Air Force MH-60G Pave Hawk is $10.2 million.

[edit] Problems

When firing the M134 minigun, all voice communications in the cabin and outgoing radio communications are greatly impaired due to the noise generated by the weapon and crew have to resort to hand signals, which diverts their attention away from the environment outside. (This is not a design flaw in the aircraft.)^{[verification needed]}

The UH-60M is also equipped with a new seat design that is a step backwards from the normal Lima and Alpha series crew seats, plus the crew chief seat belt system is nothing more than a perplexing spiderweb, compared to the simple crewchief seat found in a UH-60L/A.^{[citation needed]}