Udmurtia
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The Udmurt Republic (Russian: Удму́ртская респу́блика; Udmurt: Удмурт Элькун) or Udmurtia (Russian: Удму́ртия) is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). The direct transliteration of the Republic's Russian name is Udmurtskaya Respublika or Udmurtiya; Udmurt name: Udmurt Elkun.
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| Image:RussiaUdmurtia2005.png | |||||
| Capital | Izhevsk | ||||
| Area - total | Ranked 60th - 42,100 km² | ||||
| Population - Total | Ranked 29th - est. 1,570,316 (2002) | ||||
| Political status | Republic | ||||
| Federal district | Privolzhsky (Volga) Federal District | ||||
| Economic Region | Urals | ||||
| Cadaster # | 18 | ||||
| Official languages | Russian, Udmurt | ||||
| President | Alexander Alexandrovich Volkov | ||||
| Chairman of the Government | Yuri Stepanovich Pitkevich | ||||
| Legislature | {{{LegiNm}}} | ||||
| Anthem | State anthem of the Udmurt Republic | ||||
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[edit] Geography
Udmurtia is located in the eastern portion of the Eastern European Plain, between the Kama and Vyatka Rivers.
- Area: 42,100km².
- Borders:
- internal: Kirov Oblast (SW/W/NW/N), Perm Krai (NE/E), Bashkortostan (SE), and Tatarstan (S/SW).
- water: Votkinskoye Reservoir (E).
- Highest point: 332 m.
- Maximum N->S distance: 320 km.
- Maximum E->W distance: 200 km.
[edit] Time zone
Udmurtia is located in the Samara Time Zone (SAMT/SAMST). UTC offset is +0400 (SAMT)/+0500 (SAMST).
[edit] Rivers
Major rivers include:
- Cheptsa River
- Izh River
- Kama River (navigable)
- Kilmez River
- Siva River
[edit] Lakes
While there are no large lakes in the Republic, Votkinskoye Reservoir is partially located on its territory.
[edit] Natural resources
Udmurtia's natural resources include oil, peat, mineral waters, and more. Oil reserves are estimated to be 820 million tons (as of 2002). Approximately 7–8 million tons are extracted annually. Most of the oil is exported.
Forests cover over 40% of the Republic's territory. Most of the forests are coniferous.
[edit] Climate
Udmurtia has moderate continental climate, with warm summers and cold winters with a lot of snow.
- Average January temperature: −14.5°C
- Average July temperature: +18.3°C
- Average annual precipitation: 400–600 mm
[edit] Administrative divisions
[edit] Demographics
According to the 2002 Census, Russians at 944,108 make up 60.1% of the republic's population, while the ethnic Udmurts at 460,584 only make up 29.3%. Other groups include Tatars (109,218, or 7.0%), Ukrainians (11,527, or 0.7%), Mari (8,985, or 0.6%), and a host of smaller groups, each accounting for less than 0.5% of the republic's total population. 2,957 people (0.2%) did not indicate their nationalities during the Census.
Over two thirds of the world population of Udmurts live in Udmurtia. <ref>NUPI: Centre for Russian Studies. Norsk Utenrikspolitisk Institutt (NUPI). Retrieved on 2006-09-09. The table at the bottom states that in "Udmurtiya"(the y is optional), the "% av gruppen"(% of total world population) is "69,46%" which is more or less two thirds.</ref>
- Population: 1,570,316 (2002)
- Urban: 1,094,338 (69.7%)
- Rural: 475,978 (30.3%)
- Male: 725,075 (46.2%)
- Female: 843,241 (53.7%)
- Females per 1000 males: 1,160
- Average age: 35.8 years
- Urban: 35.6 years
- Rural: 36.1 years
- Male: 32.8 years
- Female: 38.4 years
- Number of households: 552,862 (with 1,548,762 people)
- Urban: 395,200 (with 1,084,281 people)
- Rural: 157,662 (with 464,481 people)
[edit] History
Image:Udmurt03.png A historical state that joined Russia were Ar begs.
Before November 4, 1920, when Votsk Autonomous Oblast was formed, the territory of modern day Udmurtia was divided between Kazan and Vyatka Governorships. On January 1, 1932, Votsk Autonomous Oblast was renamed Udmurt Autonomous Oblast, which was then reorganized into the Udmurt ASSR on December 28, 1934. The Udmurt Republic in its present form has existed since September 20, 1990.
[edit] Politics
The head of government in Udmurtia is the President, who is elected for a five-year term. As of 2006, the president is Alexander Alexandrovich Volkov, who assumed his post on November 3, 2000. Prior to the elections, Volkov was the Chairman of the Republic's Council—the highest post at that time.
The Republic's parliament is the State Council, popularly elected every five years. The State Council has 100 deputies.
The Republic's constitution was adopted on December 7, 1994.
[edit] Economy
Udmurtia is an industrialized Republic. The most developed industries include machine building, chemical, and oil and gas industries.
[edit] Culture
In Udmurtia, there are eight professional theaters, the Philharmonic Society, and more than ten state and numerous public museums which tell about history and culture of Udmurtia and its people, like the Museum of history and culture in Sarapul, or the Tchaikovsky Museum in Votkinsk. One of the oldest arms museums is located in Izhevsk.
See also: Music of Udmurtia
[edit] Education
The most important facilities of higher education include the Udmurt State University, Izhevsk State Technical University, and Izhevsk State Medical Academy, all located in the capital Izhevsk.
[edit] Religion
The majority of the Republic's population is atheist or Russian Orthodox. Shamanism is also practiced.
[edit] References
<references />
[edit] Further reading
- Daniel Kalder.Lost Cosmonaut: Observations of an Anti-tourist . Scribner Book Company. ISBN 0-7432-8994-3.
[edit] External links
- (Russian) (English) Official website of the Udmurt Republic.
- (Russian) Official website of the State Council of Udmurtia.
- (English) Map of Udmurtia.
- (English) (Russian) Official website of the Udmurt State University.
- (English) (Russian) Official website of the Izhevsk State Medical Academy.
- (Russian) Official website of the Izhevsk State Technical University.
Image:Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia • Image:Flag of Finland (bordered).svg Finland • Image:KareliaFlag.svg Republic of Karelia • Image:Sami flag.svg Lapland • Image:Flag of Mari El.svg Mari El • Image:Flag of Mordovia.svg Mordovia • Image:Flag of Udmurtia.svg Udmurtia • Image:Flag of Komi.svg Komi Republic
Image:Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary • Image:Bandera Khanti mansi.svg Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
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