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The hryvnia (sometimes hryvnya; Ukrainian: гривня; IPA: [hrĭv'nyä]) has been the national currency of Ukraine since September 2, 1996. It replaced the Ukrainian karbovanets at the exchange rate 1 hryvnia = 100,000 karbovanets. One hryvnia is divided into 100 kopiykas (singular копійка, ( genitive plural копійок (kopiyok)).

Contents 1 Plural 2 Name 3 Currency sign 4 History 5 Coins 6 Banknotes 7 External links

[edit] Plural

In Ukrainian, the nominative plural form is used for numbers ending with two, three, or four, as in dvi hryvni (дві гривні, 'two hryvnias'), and the genitive plural is used for numbers ending with five to nine, and zero, for example sto hryven’ (сто гривень, '100 hryvnias'). In English, the plural of hryvnia is hryvnias.

[edit] Name

Hryvnia is sometimes incorrectly transliterated as hryvna. The hryvnia was used as currency in Kievan Rus' in the 11th century. The word hryvnia is thought to derive from the Slavic griva; cf Russian and Bulgarian грива 'mane'. Hryvnia may have indicated something valuable worn around the neck, usually made of silver or gold; cf Bulgarian grivna (гривна , 'bracelet'). Later the word was used to describe silver or gold ingots of a certain weight; cf Russian grivennik (гривенник, '10-kopek piece'). Other smaller currency units were nogata (ногата, 'pelt of a large animal such as a bear or wolf', kuna (куна, 'pelt of a small animal such as a mink or sable; cf Croatian kuna). The smallest was veksha (векша, 'pelt of a squirrel').

The National Bank of Ukraine has recommended to make a distinction between hryvnia and hryvna in both historical and practical means. Linguistic research was cited as proof that hryvnia refers to medieval currency and hryvna to the woman's decoration of that time (as the Bulgarian grivna mentioned above).

[edit] Currency sign

The hryvnia sign is a cursive Ukrainian letter He, with a double horizontal stroke symbolizing stability. Hryvnia is abbreviated "грн." (hrn.) in Ukrainian. The hryvnia is represented by the ISO 4217 currency code UAH, or 980. The hryvnia sign ₴ [may not be rendered in all browsers] was designed and published without any consideration being made of its use in computers. As soon as it was discovered, a proposal to encode it was written; the National Bank of Ukraine did not make any attempt to address the situation. The HRYVNIA SIGN was encoded as U+20B4 in Unicode 4.1 released in 2005. The specific design of the hryvnia sign is a result of a public contest held by National Bank of Ukraine in 2003.

[edit] History

The hryvnia replaced the karbovanets, the currency Ukraine used after the breakup of the Soviet Union (karbovanets is equivalent to ruble in Ukrainian) during September 2-16, 1996. One hryvnia equaled 100,000 karbovanets. Initial exchange rate was UAH 1.76 = USD 1.00.

The hryvnia was introduced in the time Victor Yuschenko was the head of National Bank of Ukraine. The first banknotes issued have the signature of the previous National Bank head, Vadym Hetman, who resigned in 1993. This is because first notes were printed as early as 1992 by Canadian Bank Note Company and it was decided to delay using them due to hyperinflation that was in Ukraine after USSR's collapse.

[edit] Coins

Currently Circulating Coins [1]
Image	Value	Diameter	Thickness	Weight	Composition	Edge	Obverse	Reverse	First Minted Year
Image:1-kopiyka-Ukraine.JPG	1 kopiyka	16 mm	1.2 mm	1.5 g	Stainless steel	Plain	Value	Ukrainian Trident	1992
Image:2-kopiyki-Ukraine.JPG	2 kopiyky	17.3 mm	1.2 mm	0.64 or 1.8 g	Aluminium or stainless steel
Image:Ukraine-1992-Coin-0.05.jpg	5 kopiyok	24 mm	1.5 mm	4.3 g	Stainless steel	Grained
Image:10-kopiyok-Ukraine.JPG	10 kopiyok	16.3 mm	1.25 mm	1.7 g	Brass or aluminium bronze	Grained	Value	Ukrainian Trident	1992
Image:25-kopiyok-Ukraine.JPG	25 kopiyok	20.8 mm	1.35 mm	2.9 g		With grained sectors
Image:50-kopiyok-Ukraine.JPG	50 kopiyok	23 mm	1.55 mm	4.2 g
Image:1-hryvnia-Ukraine.JPG	1 hryvnia	26 mm	1.85 mm	7.1 or 6.9 g		Inscription: "ОДНА ГРИВНЯ", minted year
These images are to scale at 2.5 pixels per millimeter, a standard for world coins.

[edit] Banknotes

Newest series (2000s) [2]
Image		Value	Dimensions	Color	Obverse	Reverse	Printed Date
Image:1-Hryvnia-2006-front.jpg	Image:1-Hryvnia-2006-back.jpg	1 hryvnia	118 x 63 mm	Yellow-blue	Portrait depicting duke Volodymyr the Great	The fortress wall of Volodymyr in Kiev	May 22, 2006
Image:2-Hryvnia-2004-front.gif	Image:2-Hryvnia-2004-back.gif	2 hryvni		Brown	Portrait depicting duke Yaroslav the Wise	The Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kiev.	September 28, 2004
Image:5-Hryvnia-2004-front.jpg	Image:5-Hryvnia-2004-back.jpg	5 hryven'		Blue	Portrait depicting hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky	A church in the selo (village) of Subotovy	June 14, 2004
Image:10-Hryvnia-2005-front.jpg	Image:10-Hryvnia-2005-back.jpg	10 hryven'	124 x 66 mm	Crimson	Portrait depicting het'man Ivan Mazepa	The Holy Dormition Cathedral of the Kievo-Pecherska Lavra	November 1, 2004
Image:20-Hryvnia-2003-front.jpg	Image:20-Hryvnia-2003-back.jpg	20 hryven'	130 x 69 mm	Green	Portrait depicting poet Ivan Franko	The Lviv Opera Theatre	December 1, 2003
	Image:50-Hryvnia-Hrushevsky-back.gif	50 hryven'	136 x 72 mm	Violet	Portrait depicting historian Mykhailo Hrushevsky	The building of the Verkhovna Rada	March 29, 2004
Image:100-Hryvnia-Franko-front.jpg	Image:100-Hryvnia-Franko-back.jpg	100 hryven'	142 x 75mm	Olive	Portrait depicting poet Taras Shevchenko	The Chernecha landscape near Cherkasy and the figures of a kobzar and a guide boy	February 20, 2006
Image:200-Hryvnia-Ukrainka-front.gif	Image:200-Hryvnia-Ukrainka-back.gif	200 hryven'	133 х 66mm	Blue	Portrait depicting poet Lesya Ukrainka	The Entrance Tower of Lutsk Castle	August 22, 2001
Image:500-Hryvnia-Skovoroda-front.jpg	Image:500-Hryvnia-Skovoroda-back.jpg	500 hryven'	154 х 75mm	Purple	Portrait depicting philosopher Hryhoriy Skovoroda	The building of Kyiv Mohyla Academy	September 15, 2006
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixels per millimeter, a standard for world banknotes.

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[edit] External links

• History of Hryvnia
• National Bank of Ukraine announcement of Hryvnia Sign (Ukrainian)
• Proposed symbols for hryvnia during design competition
• Pictures of hryvnia bills introduced in 1997
• First Ukrainian Money
• Ukraine monetary reform. Numismatics (Russian)
• How hryvnia was born (Russian)

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Eurozone	Euro
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Central	Czech koruna | Hungarian forint | Polish złoty | Slovak koruna | Slovenian tolar | Swiss franc
Eastern	Belarusian ruble | Kazakhstani tenge | Russian ruble | Ukrainian hryvnia
Southeastern	Albanian lek | Bulgarian lev | Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark | Croatian kuna | Macedonian denar | Moldovan leu | Romanian leu | Serbian dinar
Mediterranean	Cypriot pound | Gibraltar pound | Maltese lira | Turkish new lira
Transcaucasia	Armenian dram | Azerbaijani manat | Georgian lari
Unrecognized Countries	Transnistrian ruble
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