VG (nerve agent)
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| This article forms part of the series |
| (A subset of Weapons of mass destruction) |
| Lethal agents |
|---|
| Blood agents |
| Cyanogen chloride (CK) |
| Hydrogen cyanide (AC) |
| Blister agents |
| Lewisite (L) |
| Sulfur mustard gas (HD, H, HT, HL, HQ) |
| Nitrogen mustard gas (HN1, HN2, HN3) |
| Nerve agents |
| G-Agents |
| Tabun (GA), Sarin (GB) Soman (GD), Cyclosarin (GF) |
| GV |
| V-Agents |
| VE, VG, VM, VX |
| Pulmonary agents |
| Chlorine |
| Chloropicrin (PS) |
| Phosgene (CG) |
| Diphosgene (DP) |
| "Non-lethal" agents |
| Incapacitating agents |
| Agent 15 (BZ) |
| KOLOKOL-1 |
| Riot control agents |
| Pepper spray (OC) |
| CS gas |
| CN gas (mace) |
| CR gas |
VG (O,O-Diethyl-S-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl] phosphorothioate) (also called Amiton or Tetram) is a "V-series" nerve agent chemically similar to the better-known VX nerve agent. Tetram is the common Russian name for the substance. Amiton was the trade name for the substance when it was marketed as an insecticide by ICI in the mid-1950s.
With a toxicity of about 1/10 that of VX, i.e. similar to that of sarin<ref>Summary of CWC-Schedules and their Relevance to Chemical Warfare. Australia's National Authority for the Chemical Weapons Convention. Retrieved on 2006-10-07.</ref>, it is now considered too dangerous for use in agriculture<ref> Theodore Karasik. Toxic Warfare. RAND. Retrieved on 2006-10-07.</ref> but unlike other nerve agents it is classified under Schedule 2 of the Chemical Weapons Convention rather than the more restrictive Schedule 1. It is thought that North Korea may have military stockpiles of this chemical <ref>North Korea Profile Chemical Agents VG (Amiton, Tetram). Nuclear Threat Initiative. Retrieved on 2006-10-07. </ref>.
During the early 1950s at least three chemical companies working on organo-phosphorus insecticides independently discovered the amazing toxicity of these chemicals.<ref>Nerve Agents - Lethal organo-phosphorus compounds inhibiting cholinesterase. Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons website. Retrieved on 2006-10-07.</ref> In 1952, Dr. Ranajit Ghosh, a chemist working for ICI at their Plant Protection Laboratories was investigating the potential of organophosphate esters of substituted aminoethanethiols for use as pesticides. Like the earlier German investigators of organophosphates in the late 1930s who had discovered the G-series nerve agents, Dr. Ghosh discovered that their action on cholinesterase made them effective pesticides. One of them, Amiton, was described in a 1955 paper by Ghosh and another chemist, J. F. Newman, as being particularly effective against mites<ref>Nerve Agents - Lethal organo-phosphorus compounds inhibiting cholinesterase. Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons website. Retrieved on 2006-10-07.</ref>. It was brought to market as an insecticide by the company in 1954 but was subsequently withdrawn as too toxic. <ref>Nerve Agents: General. The site for information about chemical and biological weapons for emergency, safety and security personnel. Retrieved on 2006-10-07.</ref>
The toxicity of these substances had not passed unnoticed by the British Government, as some of the compounds had already been sent to their research facility at Porton Down for evaluation. Some of the chemicals from this class of compounds formed a new group of nerve agents called V Agents. The British Government unilaterally renounced chemical and biological weapons in 1956, although in 1958 traded their research on VX technology with the United States Government in exchange for information on thermonuclear weapons. The US then went into production of large amounts of the chemically similar, but much more toxic VX in 1961<ref>A Short History of the Development of Nerve Gases. Mitrek Systems. Retrieved on 2006-10-07.</ref>.
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| This article forms part of the series <center>Chemical warfare | ||
|---|---|---|
| Blood agents: | Cyanogen chloride (CK) – Hydrogen cyanide (AC) | |
| Blister agents: | Lewisite (L) – Sulfur mustard gas (HD, H, HT, HL, HQ) – Nitrogen mustard gas (HN1, HN2, HN3) | |
| Nerve agents: | G-Agents: Tabun (GA) – Sarin (GB) – Soman (GD) – Cyclosarin (GF) – GV | V-Agents: VE – VG – VM – VX | |
| Pulmonary agents: | Chlorine – Chloropicrin (PS) – Phosgene (CG) – Diphosgene (DP) | |
| Incapacitating agents: | Agent 15 (BZ) – KOLOKOL-1 | |
| Riot control agents: | Pepper spray (OC) – CS gas – CN gas (mace) – CR gas | |
</center>de:VG (Nervenkampfstoff) pl:Amiton
