Viceroyalty of Peru
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Viceroyalty | ||||
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| Capital | Lima | |||
| Language(s) | Official: Spanish; commons: Quechua, Aymara, Puquina, Quignam | |||
| Religion | Catholic | |||
| Government | Value specified for "government_type" does not comply | |||
| Viceroy of Peru | Viceroy | |||
| Historical era | Spanish Empire | |||
| - Conquest | 1542 | |||
| - Independence | 1821 | |||
| Image:Flag of Peru.svg |
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| History of Peru |
| Timeline |
| Ancient Peru |
| Caral |
| Chavin |
| Paracas |
| Moche |
| Nazca |
| Tiahuanaco |
| Wari |
| Chimu |
| Inca Empire |
| Colonial Peru |
| The Conquest |
| Viceroyalty of Peru |
| Republic of Peru |
| Independence |
| Peru-Bolivian Confederacy |
| War of the Pacific |
| Peruvian-Ecuadorian Territorial Dispute |
Created in 1542, the Viceroyalty of Peru (in Spanish, Virreinato del Perú) was a Spanish colonial administrative district. It originally contained most of Spanish-ruled South America, until its impossibly large size dictated that other Viceroyalites be split from it to facilitate governance. The viceroyalty officially lasted until 1824, when the last viceroy, José de la Serna e Hinojosa, surrendered to Simón Bolívar after the Battle of Ayacucho.
The Viceroyalty of Peru was divided into audiencias, or administrative divisions. Each of these was governed by a regional governor who was controlled by the Viceroy of Peru. These divisions included the following (with dates of creation):
- Panamá (1538)
- Lima (1543)
- Santa Fe de Bogotá (1548)
- La Plata de los Charcas (1559)
- Quito (1563)
- Chile (1563-1573; 1606)
- Buenos Aires (1661-1672; 1776)
- Caracas (1786)
- Cuzco (1787)
With the creation of the Viceroyalty of New Granada (now Colombia, Ecuador, Panama and Venezuela) in 1717, the Audiencias of Panama, Santa Fe de Bogota, and Quito were detached; with the establishment of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata (now Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay) in 1776, the Audiencia of Buenos Aires was similarly lost.
[edit] List of Viceroys
- 1544 - 1546 Blasco Núñez Vela
- 1546 - 1549 Pedro de la Gasca, president of the Audiencia
- 1550 - 1552 Antonio de Mendoza, conde de Tendilla
- 1552 - 1556 Melchor Bravo de Saravia, president of the Audiencia
- 1556 - 1561 Andrés Hurtado de Mendoza, marqués de Cañete
- 1561 - 1564 Diego López de Zúñiga y Velasco, conde de Nieva
- 1564 Juan de Saavedra, president of the Audiencia
- 1564 - 1569 Lope García de Castro, president of the Audiencia
- 1569 - 1581 Francisco de Toledo, conde de Oropesa
- 1581 - 1583 Martín Enríquez de Almanza
- 1584 Cristóbal Ramírez de Cartagena, president of the Audiencia
- 1584 - 1589 Fernando Torres de Portugal y Mesía
- 1589 - 1596 García Hurtado de Mendoza, Marquis of Cañete
- 1596 - 1604 Luis de Velasco, marqués de Salinas
- 1604 - 1606 Gaspar de Zúñiga y Acevedo, Count of Monterrey
- 1607 Diego Núñez de Avendaño, president of the Audiencia
- 1607 - 1615 Juan de Mendoza y Luna, marqués de Montesclaros
- 1615 - 1621 Francisco de Borja y Aragón, príncipe de Esquilache
- 1621 - 1622 Juan Jiménez de Montalvo, president of the Audiencia
- 1622 - 1629 Diego Fernández de Córdoba, Marquis of Guadalcázar
- 1629 - 1639 Luis Jerónimo Fernández de Cabrera, conde de Chinchón
- 1639 - 1648 Pedro Álvarez de Toledo y Leiva, marqués de Mancera
- 1648 - 1655 García Sarmiento de Sotomayor, 2nd conde de Salvatierra
- 1655 - 1661 Luis Enríquez de Guzmán, conde de Alba de Liste y marqués de Villaflor
- 1661 - 1666 Diego de Benavides y de la Cueva, conde de Santisteban del Puerto
- 1666 - 1667 Bernardo de Iturriaza, president of the Audiencia
- 1667 - 1672 Pedro Antonio Fernández de Castro, conde de Lemos
- 1672 - 1674 Bernardo de Iturriaza, president of the Audiencia
- 1674 - 1678 Baltasar de la Cueva Enríquez, conde de Castellar
- 1678 - 1681 Melchor Liñán y Cisneros, archbishop of Lima
- 1681 - 1689 Melchor de Navarra y Rocafull, duque de la Palata
- 1689 - 1705 Melchor Portocarrero Lasso de la Vega, conde de Monclova
- 1705 - 1707 Miguel Núñez de Sanabria, president of the Audiencia
- 1707 - 1710 Manuel de Oms y de Santa Pau, marqués de Castelldosrius
- 1710 Miguel Núñez de Sanabria, president of the Audiencia
- 1710 - 1716 Diego Ladrón de Guevara
- 1716 Mateo de la Mata Ponce de León, president of the Audiencia
- 1716 Diego Morcillo Rubio de Auñón, first time
- 1716 - 1720 Carmine Nicolao Caracciolo, príncipe de Santo Buono
- 1720 - 1724 Diego Morcillo Rubio de Auñón, second time
- 1724 - 1736 José de Armendáriz, marqués de Castelfuerte
- 1736 - 1745 José Antonio de Mendoza Caamaño y Sotomayor, marqués de Villagarcía
- 1745 - 1761 José Antonio Manso de Velasco, conde de Superunda
- 1761 - 1776 Manuel de Amat y Juniet
- 1776 - 1780 Manuel de Guirior
- 1780 - 1784 Agustín de Jáuregui y Aldecoa
- 1784 - 1790 Teodoro de Croix
- 1790 - 1796 Francisco Gil de Taboada y Lemos
- 1796 - 1801 Ambrosio O'Higgins, Marquis of Osorno
- 1801 Manuel Arredondo y Pelegrín, president of the Audiencia
- 1801 - 1806 Gabriel de Avilés y del Fierro, marqués de Avilés
- 1806 - 1816 José Fernando de Abascal y Sousa
- 1816 - 1821 Joaquín de la Pezuela
- 1821 - 1824 José de la Serna e Hinojosa (acting)
- 1824 - 1826 Juan Pío de Tristán y Moscoso (acting)
[edit] See also
de:Vizekönigreich Peru es:Virreinato del Perú fr:Vice-royauté du Pérou la:Viceregnum Peruvianum lt:Peru Vicekaralystė pl:Wicekrólestwo Peru
