Vis (island)

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This is an article about island named Vis. For the town with the same name, see Vis_(town).

Vis [ˈʋiːs] (Greek Issa, Italian Lissa), is a Croatian island in the Adriatic Sea, the furthest one from the coast that is also inhabited. Its area is 90.26 km²<ref name="peljar">(Croatian) First Croatian online peljar</ref>, and it has population of 3,617 (as of 2001)<ref name="yearbook">Statistical yearbook for 2006 of Central bureau of statistics of Republic of Croatia</ref>. Highest peak of Vis is called Hum, 587m high.<ref name="peljar" />

There are two towns and municipalities on the island, Vis (1,960^{[citation needed]} inhabitants in the municipality) and Komiža (1,677^{[citation needed]}), both on shore. Inside of the island there are smaller settlements: Podselje, Marinje zemlje, Podšpilje, Podstražje.<ref name="tz-vis_info">General information on Vis</ref>

1 History
2 Economy
3 References
4 External links

[edit] History

Vis was inhabited by the time of the Neolithic period. In the 4th century B.C., the tyrant of Siracuse, Dionisius the Older, founded the colony Issa on the island. Later, it became an independent city-state, and even forged its own money and founded its own colonies elsewhere.

In the first century B.C., the island was held by Illyrian tribe of Liburni.

In 925, it was incorporated into the Medieval Croatian state undre the crown of King Tomislav.

Vis was mentioned in the De Administrando Imperio of the Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitos from around 950 as Ies, an island inhabited by the Neretvians.

Brothers of Stefan Nemanja Miroslav and Stracimir made pirate raids on Vis in 1184 and 1185.

In the Middle Ages it often changed rulers, and then for a long time it was under Venice. Because of the settlements were formed in the inland: the main settlements Velo Selo. During Venetian domination, the island's name was Lissa.

Later, the larger settlements developed also on the coat (Komiza and Luka of St. Juraj - present town of Vis). Administratively the island of Vis was for centuries bound to the island of Hvar.

The sea to the north of the island was the stage of two battles:

on 13 March 1811, a small Royal Navy fleet, under the command of captain William Hoste, defeated an outnumbering Franco-Venetian fleet (see Battle of Lissa (1811));
on 20 July 1866, the Austrian fleet, under admiral Tegetthoff, attacked the Italian fleet, under admiral Persano, sinking the battleship Re d'Italia (see Battle of Lissa (1866)).

During World War II, Vis was at one point the main hideout of Josip Broz Tito, the leader of the Yugoslav resistance movement. After the war, the Yugoslav People's Army used the island as one of its main naval bases. After Croatia became independent, its navy did not reclaim most of the facilities, and the many abandoned buildings are being used for civilian purposes, including modern happennings like 320x240.

[edit] Economy

Main industries on island are agriculture (mainly viticulture), fishing, fish refinement and tourism.<ref name="peljar" />

Around 20% of arable land on the island is covered with vineyards. Autochthonous vine species cultivated on the island are Plavac mali, Kurteloška and Bugava.<ref name="tz-vis_economy">Economy of Vis</ref>

The sea around Vis is rich with fish, especially blue fish (sardine, mackerel and anchovy). Komiža fishermen of 17th century developed their own type of fishing boat, Falkuša which was used even in 2nd half of 20th century because of its excellent features.<ref name="tz-vis_economy" />