Voiceless postalveolar fricative
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| IPA – number | 134 |
| IPA – text | ʃ |
| IPA – image | 
|
| Entity | ʃ |
| X-SAMPA | S |
| Kirshenbaum | S |
| Sound sample | |
|---|---|
The voiceless palato-alveolar fricative or domed postalveolar fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ʃ (which is different from the integral symbol ∫), and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is S. An alternative symbol used in some older and American linguistic literature is š, an s with háček.
Contents |
[edit] Features
Features of the voiceless postalveolar fricative:
- Its manner of articulation is sibilant fricative, which means it is produced by directing air flow through a groove in the tongue at the place of articulation and directing it over the sharp edge of the teeth, causing high-frequency turbulence.
- Its place of articulation is palato-alveolar, that is, domed (partially palatalized) postalveolar, which means it is articulated with the front of the tongue behind the alveolar ridge, and the body of the tongue bunched up ("domed") at the palate.
- Its phonation type is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.
[edit] In English
The voiceless postalveolar fricative occurs in English, and it is the sound denoted by the letters 'sh' in shoe, the letters 'ssi' in passion, the letters 'ch' in cache, or the letters 'ti' in donation. In English (as in French) the sound is labialized, [ʃʷ], although few transcriptions bother with this level of detail.
[edit] In other languages
The voiceless postalveolar fricative occurs in other languages, and it is the sound denoted by the letters
- sj in Afrikaans
- ش in Arabic
- x in Basque, Catalan, Galician, (usually) in Portuguese and in Sicilian.
- ш in Belarusian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian, Ukrainian.
- š in Croatian, Czech, Serbian, Slovak, Slovenian.
- ŝ in Esperanto
- ch in French and Portuguese
- sch in German, Yiddish and in English words borrowed from those two languages.
- שׁ in Hebrew
- s in Hungarian
- s (when flanked by an e or an i) in Irish and Scots Gaelic
- sc (when followed by e or i) in Italian (and a few related languages) and Old English
- し or シ, the syllable "shi" in Japanese
- skj and sj (and rs in endings) in Norwegian
- sz in Polish
- ş in Turkish, Romanian and Azeri
- si in Welsh
[edit] See also
| Consonants (List, table) | See also: IPA, Vowels | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| This page contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help] Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged impossible. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
cs:Neznělá postalveolární frikativa de:Stimmloser postalveolarer Frikativ fr:Consonne fricative post-alvéolaire sourde it:Fricativa postalveolare sorda pt:Fricativa palatoalveolar surda ro:Consoană fricativă postalveolară surdă sv:Tonlös postalveolar frikativa
