Yuri of Goguryeo
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| Yuri of Goguryeo
<tr><td align="right" style="border-top:1px solid"> Hangul:</td><td width="135" style="border-top:1px solid">유리왕 also 유리명왕</td></tr> <tr><td align="right" style="border-top: 1px solid">Hanja:</td><td style="border-top: 1px solid">瑠璃王 also 瑠璃明王</td></tr><tr><td align="right" style="border-top: 1px solid">Revised Romanization:</td><td style="border-top: 1px solid">Yuri-wang also Yurimyeong-wang</td></tr><tr><td align="right" style="border-top: 1px solid">McCune-Reischauer:</td><td style="border-top: 1px solid">Yuri-wang also Yurimyŏng-wang</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="center" style="border-top:1px solid;background:#ccf">Birth name</td></tr> <tr><td align="right" style="border-top:1px solid"> Hangul:</td><td width="135" style="border-top:1px solid">해유리 also 유류 also 누리</td></tr> <tr><td align="right" style="border-top: 1px solid">Hanja:</td><td style="border-top: 1px solid">解類利 also 儒留 also 累利</td></tr><tr><td align="right" style="border-top: 1px solid">Revised Romanization:</td><td style="border-top: 1px solid">Hae Yuri also Yuryu also Nuri</td></tr><tr><td align="right" style="border-top: 1px solid">McCune-Reischauer:</td><td style="border-top: 1px solid">Hae Yuri also Yuryu also Nuri</td></tr> |
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King Yuri of Goguryeo (? - 18 CE, r. 19 BCE - 18 CE) was the second king of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He was the eldest son of the kingdom's founder King Dongmyeongseong (Jumong). As with many other early Korean rulers, the events of his life are known largely from the Samguk Sagi.
[edit] Background
Yuri was born to Dongmyeongseong and Lady Ye in Buyeo, before Dongmyeongseong left Buyeo to found the kingdom of Goguryeo. Yuri was raised in Buyeo by his mother and Yuhwa, Dongmyeongseong's mother.
Upon the death of Buyeo's King Geumwa and Yuhwa, Yuri and his mother escaped to Goguryeo in 19 BCE. Geumwa's successor to the Buyeo throne, King Daeso, had been Dongmyeongseong's step-brother and rival.
Dongmyeongseong proclaimed Yuri to be the Crown Prince of Goguryo. Onjo and Biryu, the sons of Dongmyeongseong's second marriage to Soseono, became jealous and insecure. With their mother, they traveled south to found the kingdom of Baekje. Yuri became king upon Dongmyeongseong's death later the same year.
[edit] Reign
Yuri is described as a powerful and militarily successful king. He conquered a Xioungnu tribe in 9 BCE. In 3 BCE, Yuri moved the capital to from Jolbon to Guknaesong.
Goguryo's neighbor, the Han dynasty of China, was overthrown by Wang Mang, who established the Xin dynasty. Wang Mang sent a messenger to Goguryo to ask for troops to assist in a conquest of the Xioungnu during 12 CE, the 31st year of his reign. Yuri rejected the request and instead attacked the Han.
Goguryeo under Yuri subsequently defeated the remnants of Buyeo, and a small state called Yangmaek, and won territory from Han China.
He had two sons: Hae-Myung, and Muhyul (the subsequent king Daemusin). Hae-Myung was proclaimed the crown prince of Goguryo, but Yuri found him to be too reckless and disobedient. Yuri replaced him with the younger son Muhyul in 14 CE.
A poem Yuri is said to have written for his favored concubine Chihui has survived to this day. It is titled Hwangjoga (황조가/黃鳥歌), meaning "Song of the Yellow Bird."
