Z/VM
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
z/VM is the current version in IBM's VM family of virtual machine operating systems. It is based on technology and concepts dating back to the 1960s, with IBM's CP/CMS on the IBM System/360-67 (see article History of CP/CMS for historical details). z/VM runs on IBM's zSeries and System z9 computers. It can be used to support large numbers (thousands) of Linux virtual machines; see Linux on zSeries.
[edit] References
Primary CP/CMS sources
- R. J. Creasy, "The origin of the VM/370 time-sharing system", IBM Journal of Research & Development, Vol. 25, No. 5 (September 1981), pp. 483-490, available on-line at research.ibm.com
– [perspective on CP/CMS and VM history by the CP-40 project lead, also a CTSS author]
- E.W. Pugh, L.R. Johnson, and John H. Palmer, IBM's 360 and early 370 systems, MIT Press, Cambridge MA and London, ISBN 0-262-16123-0
– [Extensive (819 pp.) treatment of IBM's offerings during this period. The limited coverage of CP/CMS in such a definitive work is telling.]
- Melinda Varian, VM and the VM community, past present, and future, SHARE 89 Sessions 9059-9061, 1977; available online at www.princeton.edu/~melinda
– [The outstanding source for CP/CMS and VM history.]
Additional CP/CMS sources
- R. J. Adair, R. U. Bayles, L. W. Comeau, and R. J. Creasy, A Virtual Machine System for the 360/40, IBM Corporation, Cambridge Scientific Center Report No. 320-2007 (May 1966)
– [A seminal paper describing implementation of the virtual machine concept, with descriptions of the customized CSC S/360-40 and the CP-40 design.]
- International Business Machines Corporation, CP-67/CMS, Program 360D-05.2.005, IBM Program Information Department (June 1969)
– [Reference manual.]
- R. A. Meyer and L. H. Seawright, "A virtual machine time-sharing system," IBM Systems Journal, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 199-218 (September 1970)
– [Describes the CP-67/CMS system, outlining features and applications.]
- R. P. Parmelee, T. I. Peterson, C. C. Tillman, and D. J. Hatfield, "Virtual storage and virtual machine concepts," IBM Systems Journal, Vol. 11, No. 2 (June 1972)
Additional on-line CP/CMS resources
- febcm.club.fr – Information Technology Timeline, 1964-1974
- www.multicians.org – Tom Van Vleek's short essay The IBM 360/67 and CP/CMS
- www.cap-lore.com – Norman Hardy's Short history of IBM's virtual machines]
- www.cap-lore.com – Norman Hardy's short description of the "Blaauw Box"
[edit] Family Tree
| CTSS > | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Major IBM time-sharing systems (plus successors) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CP-40/CMS → CP[-67]/CMS | → VM/370 → VM/XA versions → VM/ESA → z/VM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| → VP/CSS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| > CP/M | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| > MS-DOS >> OS/2 >> Windows | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| >> x86 virtualization | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TSS/360 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| OS/MVT-TSO → OS/VS2-TSO → MVS-TSO → z/OS-TSO | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The MULTICS/UNIX family | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MULTICS >> UNIX family >> Linux | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Major DEC time-sharing systems | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TOPS-10 > TENEX >> TOPS-20 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| OS/8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RSTS/E | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RSX-11M | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| VAX/VMS → VMS → OpenVMS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other influential early time-sharing/interactive environments | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LISP → InterLISP | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Smalltalk | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| KRONOS → NOS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This is a simplified framework providing links to major time-sharing systems. Many influences and systems are not shown. See specific articles for details on relationships. Dates indicate the period of production use. [Further entries, research, dates, and citations are pending; please contribute.]
Alphabetical listing of above links:
- APL ("A Programming Language," also "Iverson's Language": ??-present), a mathematically-oriented language and interactive environment, noted for incredible terseness and powerful set processing operators
- CP-40/CMS (1967): Experimental system built at IBM's Cambridge Scientific Center, and the first implementation of full virtualization
- CP/CMS (1966-??): Influential precursor to IBM's VM series, widely distributed as open source
- CP/M (??-??): A widely used pre-MS-DOS microcomputer system, inspired by CP/CMS
- CTSS (1961-1973): Grandfather of time-sharing systems, built at MIT
- Linux (??-present): Open-source operating system inspired by UNIX, dominating current open source activities
- LISP systems (1962?-present), an important platform used to build many interactive environments
- Microsoft Windows (??-??): Microsoft's ubiquitous GUI operating system, successor to MS-DOS but also incorporating much of OS/2
- MS-DOS (??-present): Microsoft's ubiquitous command-line operating system, delivered as PC-DOS on IBM PC computers
- MULTICS (1969-2000): Rich, important system built by MIT's Project MAC
- MVS/TSO (??-??): The most widely-used version of TSO
- NOS (??-??), Control Data Corporation's ubiquitous operating system
- OS/2 (??-present): Joint IBM/Microsoft effort, now moribund, strongly influenced by VMS
- OS/8 (??-??): PDP-8 operating system from DEC
- RSTS/E (??-??): Major PDP-11 operating system from DEC
- RSX-11M (??-??): Major PDP-11 operating system from DEC
- z/OS-TSO (??-??): The current implementation of TSO
- Smalltalk (1972-present), a seminal system for experimental programming built at Xerox PARC, responsible for creating and developing many modern user interface concepts
- TENEX (??-??): Influential system built by Bolt Beranek and Newman, widely used at research and government sites
- TOPS-10 (??-??): DEC's PDP-10 operating system
- TOPS-20 (??-??): DEC's popular operating system for the DECsystem 20 family; owed more to TENEX than to TOPS-10
- TSS/360 (1967-1971): IBM's original time-sharing system, built for the S/360-67; not a success
- UNIX and derivative systems (1969-present): Originally built at Bell Labs; ultimately came to dominate operating system thought in both proprietary and open-source descendents
- VM/370 (1972-1988): IBM's proprietary reimplementation of CP/CMS
- VM/ESA (1988-2000): Widely-used version of VM
- VMS and OpenVMS (??-present): DEC's popular operating system – originally VAX/VMS for VAX hardware, but subsequently also ported to Itanium and Alpha hardware
- VP/CSS (1968-1986?): A proprietary fork of CP/CMS developed by time-sharing vendor National CSS
- x86 virtualization (??-present): Current work on virtualization of the x86 family, inspired by concepts from CP/CMS
- z/VM (2000-present): IBM's latest incarnation of the CP/CMS/VM system
