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African Wild Dog

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iAfrican Wild Dog

Image:African wild dog - melbourne zoo.jpg

Conservation status

Image:Status iucn3.1 EN.svg
Endangered (EN)

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Scientific classification

Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Carnivora
Family:	Canidae
Genus:	Lycaon Brookes, 1827
Species:	L. pictus

Binomial name

Lycaon pictus
Temminck, 1820

The African Wild Dog, Lycaon pictus also known as the African Hunting Dog, Cape Hunting Dog or Painted Hunting Dog[1], is a mammal of the Canidae family, and thus related to the domestic dog. It is the only species in monotypic genus, Lycaon, and the only species in the canid family to lack dewclaws on the forelimbs. They are, as their name indicates, found only in Africa, especially in scrub savanna and other lightly wooded areas. The Latin name of the species means painted wolf and it is characteristic of the species that no two individuals have the same pattern of coat. The pelage is an irregular pattern of black, yellow, and white. Some areas of the body are nearly hairless, and the skin is black.

Image:Lightmatter African painted dog.jpg

African Wild Dogs hunt in packs. Their main prey are impala and similar medium sized ungulates. They're known for their stamina and for being clever hunters; they have been observed hunting prey in relays, or even blocking a potential escape route for prey. As a result, African Wild Dogs enjoy the highest kill per hunt rate of predators on the savannah (up to 98%)^{[citation needed]} Members of a hunting pack vocalize to help coordinate their movements. Their voice is characterized by an unusual chirping or squeaking sound, similar to a bird. After a hunt, dogs will often regurgitate meat for members of the group that have stayed behind, including the old, the lame, the pups, and subordinate adults who have taken on the responsibility of caring for the pups. Their need for a large territory has led to the situation where today they are threatened with extinction. Their relatively small physique also makes them vulnerable to attacks by their competitors, lions and hyenas. The dogs are also killed by livestock herders and game hunters. They tend to be elusive and unlike most other members of the dog family, are extremely difficult to tame.

They have a highly complex social system, within which related adult members cooperate to produce a single litter of pups annually. The breeding female occupies a den while she bears the pups, usually selecting an abandoned aardvark burrow for this purpose. Most populations have more males than females because more male pups appear in litters. It is very unusual among mammals to have this kind of gender bias. Females are more likely to disperse from the natal group, and they readily join packs which have no sexually mature female members. In packs with more than one female, only one will be allowed to breed, leading to vicious rivalry between females.

Image:Wd4 ian 710 01.JPG

The current estimate for remaining wild dogs in the wild is approximately 5,600. Of these, the majority live in the two remaining large populations associated with the Selous Game Reserve in Tanzania and the population centered in northern Botswana and eastern Namibia. Isolated populations persist in Zambia, Kenya, Mozambique, Zimbabwe and South Africa.

[edit] See also

Dhole - Asiatic Wild Dog
Eastern Timber Wolf - Canis lupus lycaon. Also the name lycaon is present in its trinomial name, the two animals are not related (out of both being canids)

[edit] References

McNutt et al (2004). Lycaon pictus. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 10 May 2006. Database entry includes justification for why this species is endangered
Nowak, Ronald M. (2005). Walker's Carnivores of the World. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press. ISBN 0-8018-8032-7