Standard Romanization (Cantonese)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Chinese language romanization

For Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin (ISO official)
EFEO
Gwoyeu Romatzyh
Latinxua Sinwenz
Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II
Chinese Postal Map Romanization
Tongyong Pinyin
Wade-Giles
Yale
Legge romanization

See also:
General Chinese (Chao Yuenren)
Cyrillization
Xiao'erjing
Zhuyin
Romanisation in Singapore

Cantonese

For Standard Cantonese
Canton
Hong Kong Government
Jyutping
Meyer-Wempe
Sidney Lau
S. L. Wong (romanisation)
Standard Cantonese Pinyin
Standard Romanization
Yale

Wu
Long-short (romanization)

Min Nan
For Taiwanese, Xiamen, and related
Pe̍h-oē-jī
For Hainanese
Hainanhua Pinyin Fang'an
For Teochew
Peng'im

Min Dong

For Fuzhou dialect
Bàng-uâ-cê

Hakka

For Moiyan dialect
Kejiahua Pinyin Fang'an
For Siyen dialect
Phak-fa-sṳ

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Standard Romanization is a romanization system for Standard Cantonese developed by Christian missionaries in South China in 1888. Publications in Standard Romanization have been issued by the British and Foreign Bible Society, the China Baptist Publication Society, and the Pakhoi Mission Press.

1 Initials
2 Finals
3 Tones
4 References

[edit] Initials

p [p]	p' [pʰ]	m [m]	f [f]
t [t]	t' [tʰ]	n [n]	l [l]
k [k]	k' [kʰ]	ng [ŋ]	h [h]
ts [ts]	ts' [tsʰ]	s [s]	sh [sʰ]
kw [kw]	k'w [kʰw]	y, i [j]	oo, w [w]

[edit] Finals

a [ɑː]	aai [ɑːi]	aau [ɑːu]	aam [ɑːm]	aan [ɑːn]	aang [ɑːŋ]	aap [ɑːp]	aat [ɑːt]	aak [ɑːk]
	ai [ɐi]	au [ɐu]	am, om [ɐm]	an [ɐn]	ang [ɐŋ]	ap, op [ɐp]	at [ɐt]	ak [ɐk]
e [ɛː]	ei [ei]				eng [ɛːŋ]			ek [ɛːk]
i, z [iː]		iu [iːu]	im [iːm]	in [iːn]	ing [ɪŋ]	ip [iːp]	it [iːt]	ik [ɪk]
oh [ɔː]	oi [ɔːi]	o [ou]		on [ɔːn]	ong [ɔːŋ]		ot [ɔːt]	ok [ɔːk]
oo [uː]	ooi [uːi]			oon [uːn]	ung [ʊŋ]		oot [uːt]	uk [ʊk]
eu [œː]		ui [ɵy]		un [ɵn]	eung [œːŋ]		ut [ɵt]	euk [œːk]
ue [yː]				uen [yːn]			uet [yːt]
			m [m̩]		ng [ŋ̩]

The finals m and ng can only be used as standalone nasal syllables.
When h or k is an initial, om and op are used as the final, instead of am and ap.
When s, ts or ts’ is the initial, and i is the final, the final is written z instead.
When y is an initial, and i, iu, in, ip, it, or iu are used as finals, the y is omitted, resulting in i, iu, in, ip, it, and iu, but yik, and ying.
When y is an initial, and ue, uen, or uet are finals, the y is omitted.
When w is an initial, and oo, ooi, or oon are finals, the w is omitted.
When i is an initial ending with ue begins a rime
Unlike most modern Cantonese romanization systems, a distinction is made between 卅 and 沙. The former is represented by sa while the latter is written as sha.

[edit] Tones

Tones are indicated using diacritic marks. Of the entering tones, only the middle entering tone is indicated, while the upper entering and lower entering are merged with the upper even and lower even tones.

Tone description	Diacritic	Example
Upper even	faan	番
Upper rising	faán	反
Upper going	faàn	汎
Lower even	faān	凡
Lower rising	maǎn	猛
Lower going	faân	飯
Middle entering	faat°	法